The most progressive change that come over the national life in England in the seventeenth century was in the political field. The well established political feelings disintegrated down in the seventeenth century and new vote based beliefs experienced childhood in their stead. The hypothesis of Divine Right of Kings started to be straightforwardly tested. The King, Charles-1, and the Parliament came into fast crash. It was, be that as it may, difficult to set up the common trust between the ruler and the Houses of Parliament. The rebel against the ruler, contacted its place of perfection. The two sides raised a military and the Civil War broke out in 1642. It was finished in 1646. Charles-1, was removed and afterward put to death by the Parliamentarians under the initiative of Oliver Cromwell and a Commonwealth (1949-1653) was built up under a similar pioneer.
2. Name and clarify the artistic benefits of three sonnets by John Dryden that are straightforwardly identified with history of the Restoration?
Dryden was the best abstract figure of the Restoration. He composed three extraordinary Political Satires-Absalom and Achitophel(1681) was composed in the midst of the fervor following the supposed Popish Plot to shield the lord's approach against the Earl of Shaftesbury himself under the name of Achitophel, and of the Duke of buckinghum under Zimri. The sonnet uncovers the writer's astounding extent and power as a humorist, his dominance over the Heroic Couplet and his capacity or thinking in refrain. The award (1682) is much shortergraver than Absalom and Achitophel. Some portion of it is better denunciation against Shaftesbury, part and contention with respect to the unfitness of republican establishments for England. Macflecnoe (1682) is an individual parody on Shadwell, a poetaster of the day, and Dryden's severe rival. It is hanging, dangerous and debased with coarseness and individual hate.
3. Who were the Precursors of the Romantics? Is this terminology supported?
The eighteenth century is at long last portrayed as a time of composition and reason. It is the age of Pope's parodies, Dr. Johnson's carries on with, Addition's periodical articles, Swift's exposition parodies, and Burke's political contemplations. Verse in this age is for the most part described as sarcastic and instructive, counterfeit and social with no enthusiasm for nature, genuinely melodious hastiness and philanthropic contacts. The unconstrained intrigue of verse, which comes out of effortlessness, erotic nature and rashness, is found supplanted by basic and sarcastic compositions. The strain of the wild Criticism of man, as a social being, forceful parodies, extraordinary formalism and the right utilization of Heroic Couplets are found to edge and rule the verse of the day. This is a sort of verse, basic, formal, and ironical, with its premise on elegance.
Write a note on the Battle ofMaldon
The Battle of Maldon appears in the Anglo-Saxon chronicle under the date 991. It has come down to us incomplete, wanting as it does the beginning and the end. It deals in the older epic manner with one of many clashes between the English and the Danes that resulted from the latter’s attack on England which culminated in the conquest of the Canute in 1012.
The Battle of Maldon tells the story of the disastrous defeat of the English of the hands of the Danes in a battle fought in 991 of the estuary of Blackwater in Essex near maldon. In this battle Byrthnoth, the chief of the East
Saxons died fighting to the last in an attempt to drive back the Danes who were coming to attack England. After the death of Byrthnoth, the faithful English warriors did not take to their heels like the cowards ted by the traitor God rich, but fought bravely and died about the dead body of their leader.
In this poem the emphasis is laid on valour and heroism of the individual hero rather than on national sentiments as in the Battle of Brunanburh and so it is remarkably similar in spirit to the older heroic poetry. It chants the reckless velour of the hero, Byrthnoth, he sacrifices of himself for his followers, and above all his love of battle. It also recalls the tradition of the scops and most of it might be put back into heathen times with little or no change in word or thought. The Battle of Maldon recalls the battles in the Iliad. The poem also shows some striking similarities to the French Chanson De Roland.
Write a note on the Battle of Brunanburh
The Battle of Brunanburh appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under the date 937A.D, where it was inserted by same monk. It celebrates the great victory who is Athelstan, the king of Wessex and Mercia, and his brother Edmund won at Brunanburh in 937A.D over the combined forces of Olaf, the Norseman and Constantine, the king of Scots. There is more of fierce heathenism in this short poem than in the whole of Beowulf. The poet delights to show us the sun rising on the blood –sodden field covered with the dead bodies of the broken Scottish Soldiers.
While commenting upon the differences between the heroic tone of this poem and that of the Old English Poetry David Duchies says “in the older heroic poetry, emphasis was laid on the individual hero, and his national origins were of little importance—he was one of the heroes of Germania and as such claimed that the admiration of all Germanic peoples without any national prejudices; But in the Battle of Brunanburh shows strong patriotic sentiment. The victory is regarded as a victory of the English forces against Norse, Scots, and Welsh enemies.”
Write a note on Widsith
Widsith is preserved in the Exeter Book. Though not an epic itself it contains some of the features of an epic. It is the autobiography of a scop, the minstrel of the Dark Ages, who removed from court to court of kings and chiefs and sometimes served continuously one master. It consists of 143 lines and was probably written before the Anglo-Saxons migrated to England. But it was revised and re-written in the seven or early eight century.
Widsith that is far travelers’ recounts the story of his long travels throughout the Germanic world and the mentions the Princes he was visited and from whomhe was received presents among the kings and refers he has visited there are some who are well-known to history and there Eormanric , the king of Goths, Attila, the king of the Hund=s and Alboin, the king of the Lombard’s. The Poem alludes to Hrothgar who recurs in Beowulf.
The historical Importance of
the poem lies in the reference to many kings and princes concerning whom great
noise in the world. According to David Diches “What strike us most forcibly in
its catholicity: praise is meted out impartially to Goths, Burgundians, and
Franks. Danes Swedish, Angles, Wends, Saxons, longboards and many others”.
Brooke says”Widsith is our Ulysses, I have fared through stranger lands,
through the specious earth good and evil have I known.” It is the true
description of a common type of English man in every period of our history.
What is the cause of Deor’s sadness? How does he console himself? Dichess with reference to the extract.
Ans: Deor is a minstrel or a poet. He was ousted by his rival poet from his rights and lands. Through recapitulation of his past association with the epic heroes such as Weland the smith, Theodoric, Eormanric, Deor wants to get consolation.
It tells the complaints of the minstrel who after years of service to his lord, “the man skilled in song.” The sad tone dominates the entire texture of the poem. However, the Deor tries to reign his hope to overcome his misfortune as evidence by the refrain of the poem: “His sorrow passed away; so will mine.”
0 Comments
Please do not enter any spam link in the comment box.